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This is a timeline of first orbital launches by country. Thus, , nine countries in addition to one inter-governmental organisation (ESA) currently have a proven orbital launch capability,〔 and one country (UK) formerly had such a capability. In all cases where a country has conducted independent human spaceflights (as of 2015, three - USSR/Russia, USA, China), these launches were preceded by independent unmanned launch capability. The race to launch the first satellite was closely contested by the Soviet Union and the United States, and was the beginning of the Space Race. The launching of satellites, while still contributing to national prestige, is a significant economic activity as well, with public and private rocket systems competing for launches, using cost and reliability as selling points. ==List of first orbital launches by country with their own rocket== } |Sputnik 1 |Sputnik-PS |Baikonur, Soviet Union (today Kazakhstan) ||4 October 1957 |- | scope="row" | 2 |〔United States also has private companies capable of space launch〕 |Explorer 1 |Juno I |Cape Canaveral, United States |1 February 1958 |- | scope="row" | 3 | its capability to ESA as a founding member.|group=lower-alpha|name=FRA}} |Astérix |Diamant A |Hammaguir, Algeria |26 November 1965 |- | scope="row" | 4 | |Ōsumi |Lambda-4S |Uchinoura, Japan |11 February 1970 |- | scope="row" | 5 | |Dong Fang Hong I |Long March 1 |Jiuquan, China |24 April 1970 |- | scope="row" | 6 |〔UK only self-launched a single satellite (in 1971) and that from a commonwealth (Australian) spaceport. Later it joined the ESA, but not the launcher consortium Arianespace, therefore becoming the only nation that developed launch capability and then officially lost it.〕 |Prospero |Black Arrow |Woomera, Australia |28 October 1971 |- | scope="row" | — |European Space Agency〔The European Space Agency developed the Ariane rocket family (the second European launcher program after the failed Europa rocket program under ELDO) operating from its Guiana Space Centre spaceport (first successful launch in 24 December 1979 when Ariane 1 launcher placed the technological capsule CAT-1 on orbit). ESA signatories at the time of first launch were Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Italy, United Kingdom, Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, France and Ireland. Private/public companies and/or governments of these countries (with the exception of Ireland and the United Kingdom) became shareholders in the commercial company Arianespace dealing with production, operation, and marketing. Later Norway became an ESA member and Arianespace shareholder. Additional subsequent ESA member states are Austria, Finland, Portugal, Greece, Luxembourg, the Czech Republic, Romania and Poland.〕 |CAT-1 |Ariane 1 |Kourou, French Guiana |24 December 1979 |- | scope="row" | 7 | |Rohini D1 |SLV |Sriharikota, India |18 July 1980 |- | scope="row" | 8 | |Ofeq 1 |Shavit |Palmachim, Israel |19 September 1988 |- | scope="row" | — ||group=lower-alpha|name=USSR}}〔Ukraine provides its own space launcher to Russia and does not use its own space launcher to put satellites in orbit (first Ukrainian satellite is Sich-1 launched on August 31, 1995 by Ukrainian Tsyklon-3 from Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia).〕 |Strela-3 (x6, Russian) |Tsyklon-3 |Plesetsk, Russia |28 September 1991 |- | scope="row" | — |〔 |Kosmos 2175 |Soyuz-U |Plesetsk, Russia ||21 January 1992 |- | scope="row" | 9 | 〔Although it has signed the Outer Space Treaty, Iran is the only space launch capable nation that has not ratified the treaty.〕 |Omid |Safir-1A |Semnan, Iran |2 February 2009 |- 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Timeline of first orbital launches by country」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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